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绍兴黄酒 Shaoxing Wine

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ID: 2984 Advanced
你应该常常听到关于上海、北京等等地方的事情，但是“绍兴”你可能没听过；也许你知道中国人爱喝茶，但你可能不知道“酒”对中国人的精神生活有多深的影响。这一课要带你来认识绍兴的黄酒，以及中国文人的饮酒文化。
Fri Nov 11 2016 | Constance Fang, Fiona Tian
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SIMPLIFIED PINYIN ENGLISH  
舌尖 shéjiān tip of the tongue
被誉为 bèi yùwéi to be reputed to be
弄堂 lòngtáng alleyway
酿造业 niàngzàoyè brewing industry
今天我们“舌尖上的美酒”栏目，要带各位走进中国黄酒古城——绍兴。古城绍兴又被誉为“东方威尼斯”，徜徉在青石板弄堂中就能感受到三步一桥五步一河的奇景，绍兴水资源丰沛，也为其黄酒酿造业奠定了良好的基础。
jīntiān wǒmen “shéjiān shàng de měijiǔ ”lánmù ，yào dài gè wèi zǒujìn Zhōngguó huángjiǔ gǔchéng ——Shàoxīng 。gǔchéng Shàoxīng yòu bèi yùwéi “dōngfāng Wēinísī ”，chángyáng zài qīngshíbǎn lòngtáng zhōng jiù néng gǎnshòu dào sān bù yī qiáo wǔ bù yī hé de qíjǐng ，Shàoxīng shuǐ zīyuán fēngpèi ，yě wèi qí huángjiǔ niàngzào yè diàndìng le liánghǎo de jīchǔ 。
In today's "Tasting Fine Liquors" segment, we're taking you into the ancient Chinese city famous for huangjiu - Shaoxing. The ancient city of Shaoxing is also well known as "The Venice of the East". Wandering around the alleyways paved with green slate, you'll marvel at how there seems to be a bridge or a river at every turn. Shaoxing has a lot of water resources, which serve as the solid foundation for its huangjiu brewing industry.
汲取门前鉴湖水，酿得绍酒万里香”。黄酒可谓是绍兴的城市名片。作为世界三大酿制古酒之一，甘润的老酒也激发了无数骚人墨客的灵感，孕育出了这方水土的文化底蕴。千百年来，绍兴钟灵毓秀，人才辈出。
jíqǔ ménqián jiànhú shuǐ ，niàng dé shàojiǔ wàn lǐ xiāng ”。huángjiǔ kěwèi shì Shàoxīng de chéngshì míngpiàn 。zuòwéi shìjiè sān dà niàngzhì gǔ jiǔ zhīyī ，gānrùn de lǎo jiǔ yě jīfā le wúshù sāorénmòkè de línggǎn ，yùnyù chū le zhè fāng shuǐtǔ de wénhuà dǐyùn 。qiānbǎinián lái ，Shàoxīng zhōnglíngyùxiù ，réncái bèichū 。
"Drawing water from the neighbouring Jian Lake, the reputation of the Shaoxing wine distilled here has spread far and wide." Huangjiu can be said to be the calling card of the city of Shaoxing. As the world's third largest brewer of traditional Chinese liquors, the sweet thirst-quenching Shaoxing wine has served as inspiration for many literati and shaped the local cultural scene. For thousands of years Shaoxing has served as a breeding ground for literati and talent has emerged in great numbers.
魏晋南北朝时期，以竹林七贤为代表的文人便常聚于绍兴兰亭，曲水流觞，行酒赋诗。永和九年，王羲之乘着酒兴写就《兰亭集序》成为中国书法史上的绝响之作。明清时期，绍兴更是文脉昌盛，前后百十年间，先后出现了以王阳明、王畿、季本、徐渭等为代表的大儒巨哲。
Wèijìn nánběicháo shíqī ，yǐ zhúlínqīxián wèi dàibiǎo de wénrén biàn cháng jù yú Shàoxīng Lántíng ，qǔsuǐliúshāng ，xíngjiǔ fùshī 。Yǒnghé jiǔ nián ，Wáng Xīzhī chéng zhe jiǔxìng xiě jiù 《Lántíngjí xù 》chéngwéi Zhōngguó shūfǎ shǐ shàng de juéxiǎng zhī zuò 。míng qīng shíqī ，Shàoxīng gèng shì wénmài chāngchéng ，qiánhòu bǎi shí nián jiān ，xiānhòu chūxiàn le yǐ Wáng Yángmíng 、Wáng Jī 、Jì Běn 、Xú Wèi děng wèi dàibiǎo de dàrú jùzhé 。
During the Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties era, the seven sages of the bamboo grove, who were representative literary figures of that time, often congregated at Lanting, or Orchid Pavilion, in Shaoxing. They would set their cups of wine in the upper reaches of a channel of water as a game, and whoever it floated down beside would have to drink the wine or compose a poem. In the year 353, the ninth year of Emperor Mu of Jin's Yonghe era, Wang Xizhi wrote the 'Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion' while in the throes of drunkenness, creating an unparalleled piece of Chinese calligraphy. During the Ming and Qing dynasties Shaoxing became even richer in culture. In around one hundred years, renowned scholars and philosophers such as Wang Yangming, Wang Ji, Ji Ben, and Xu Wei came on to the scene one after another.
到了民国，绍兴文人大都嗜饮本地黄酒，并深以为傲。朱自清、夏丏尊、刘董宇、朱光潜等就有白马湖畔“酒聚”的习惯。而蔡元培先生更是每饭必酒，鲁迅先生也将啜饮略微甘甜的花雕女儿红当成一种生活习惯，萧红曾写到：“鲁迅先生喜欢吃一点酒，但是不多吃，吃半小碗或一碗。”难怪，先生的作品中时时飘出绍酒的醇香。
dào le mínguó ，Shàoxīng wénrén dà dū shì yǐn běndì huángjiǔ ，bìng shēn yǐ wéi ào 。Zhū Zìqīng 、Xià Miǎnzūn 、Liú Dǒngyǔ 、Zhū Guāngqián děng jiù yǒu Báimǎhú pàn “jiǔ jù ”de xíguàn 。ér Cài Yuánpéi xiānsheng gèng shì měi fàn bì jiǔ ，Lǔ Xùn xiānsheng yě jiāng chuòyǐn luèwēi gāntián de huādiāo Nǚérhóng dàngchéng yīzhǒng shēnghuó xíguàn ，Xiāo Hóng céng xiědào ：“Lǔ Xùn xiānsheng xǐhuan chī yīdiǎn jiǔ ，dànshì bù duō chī ，chī bàn xiǎo wǎn huò yī wǎn 。”nánguài ，xiānsheng de zuòpǐn zhōng shíshí piāochū Shàojiǔ de chúnxiāng 。
In the Repulican Era, most of the literati of Shaoxing were fond of the local huangjiu, and took deep pride in it. People like Zhu Ziqing, Xia Mianzun, Liu Dongyu and Zhu Guangqian used to gather around the Baima Lake regularly for drinking sessions. And Cai Yuanpei couldn't have a meal without a drink. Lu Xun meanwhile took sipping on the sweet Huadiao variety of Shaoxing huangjiu, also referred to as Nuerhong, as a lifetime habit. Xiao Hong once wrote, "Lu Xun likes to drink a little wine, but not too much, he takes half of a small bowl or a bowl." No wonder his works are often so redolent with the heady scent of Shaoxing wine.
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