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科普小知识：为什么看到酸的食物就会流口水？

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ID: 4351 Advanced
今天我们要跟大家介绍一个关于人体的有趣科普小知识。有时候当我们看到柠檬或想到酸酸的食物时，会忍不住流口水，你知道这是为什么吗？其实这个道理叫做条件反射，快来听听这堂课吧！
Mon Jul 20 2020 | Lyn, Joshua
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SIMPLIFIED PINYIN ENGLISH  
不自觉 bùzìjué unaware
后天 hòutiān acquired (not innate)
条件反射 tiáojiànfǎnshè conditioned reflex
现象 xiànxiàng phenomenon
一看到酸的食物就不自觉地流下口水是一种后天形成的条件反射现象。
yī kàn dào suān de shíwù jiù bùzìjué de liú xià kǒushuǐ shì yīzhǒng hòutiān xíngchéng de tiáojiànfǎnshè xiànxiàng 。
It is an acquired conditioned reflex that one drools unconsciously when seeing sour food.
条件反射最广为人知的实验是在19世纪末由俄国生理学家巴甫洛夫所进行的。
tiáojiànfǎnshè zuì guǎngwéirénzhī de shíyàn shì zài shìjì mò yóu Éguó shēnglǐxuéjiā BāfǔLuòfū suǒ jìnxíng de 。
The most well-known conditioned reflex experiment was carried out at the end of 19th century by a Russian physiologist, Pavlov.
他在每一次喂狗吃肉之前都会响一次铃，狗有肉吃就会流口水，久而久之，狗一听到铃声就知道有肉可吃，就会不自主地流下口水。
tā zài měi yīcì wèi gǒu chī ròu zhīqián dōu huì xiǎng yīcì líng ，gǒu yǒu ròu chī jiù huì liú kǒushuǐ ，jiǔérjiǔzhī ，gǒu yī tīngdào língshēng jiù zhīdào yǒu ròu kě chī ，jiù huì de liú xià kǒushuǐ 。
He rings the bell every time before feeding the dogs. The dogs drool when there's meat to eat. As time passed by, the dogs would know that there's meat to eat once they heard the bell, and they would drool involuntarily.
所以条件反射就是指长时间下来对特定制约刺激的反应。
suǒyǐ tiáojiànfǎnshè jiùshì zhǐ cháng shíjiān xiàlai duì tèdìng zhìyuē cìjī de fǎnyìng 。
Therefore, conditioned reflex indicates the response to a long-term specifically restricted stimulation.
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