大型强子对撞器

bazza
September 06, 2008, 01:02 PM posted in General Discussion

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

大型强子对撞器

[dà xíng qiáng duì zhuàng ]

The world's largest particle accelerator 粒子加速器 [lì zĭ jiā sù qì]

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calkins
September 06, 2008, 01:16 PM

Cool photo.  Nobody needs that big of a particle accelerator! 

I had no clue what one of these does...had to wiki it.

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barryb
September 11, 2008, 11:35 PM

Are there homeless people living in the LHC? 太舒服了! Tai4 shu1fu2 le5! Very cosy! Nice and dry (bit cold, though).

瑞士干净得不得了! Rui4shi4 gan1jing4 de bu4 de2 liao3! Switzerland's so clean! but there are beer bottles on the tunnel floor. Like the London Underground.

Very amusing.

Looks like the bottle incident was sabotage. Some people are worried about these attempts to explore the fabric of the universe and there was even an attempt to stop the LHC by taking action in the US courts. Could be disgruntled employees, though.

For the other side of the story: LHC Concerns

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henning
September 06, 2008, 01:42 PM

When does it start?

On the 10th?

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barryb
September 06, 2008, 01:43 PM

"Accelerate a particle!" game, from CERN. Too hard for me. I made time run backwards, I think. Amusing for a couple of minutes:

Clicking here may destroy the Universe 

"CERN's largest accelerator ring is 100 meters (320 feet) under the ground and is 27 kilometers (16.7 miles) around. " 

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changye
September 06, 2008, 01:52 PM

I didn't expect that Hadron would be translated as "强子" in Chinese at all. Just out of curiousty, I've found a list of particle physics terms. As sebire said, some of them are very nicely translated. Red-colored ones are relatively frequently used terms .... perhaps.

粒子物理学 particle physics

序号

名称

英文名称

1

粒子物理学

particle physics

2

原子核物理学

atomic nuclear physics

3

介观物理学

mesoscopic physics

4

宏观量子现象

Macroscopic quantum phenomena

5

宏观系统

macroscopic system

6

介观系统

mesoscopic system

7

微观系统

microscopic system

8

等离子态

plasma state

9

等离子体

plasma

10

基本粒子

elementary particle

11

原子的有核结构

atom structure with nuclear

12

卢瑟福散射

Rutherford scattering

13

静止靶

Static target

14

瞄准距离

aiming diatance

15

b 衰变

beta decay

16

a 粒子散射实验

alpha-particle scattering experiment

17

约化质量

Reduced mass

18

原子核

atomic nuclear

19

强子

hadron

20

介子

meson

21

重子

baryon

22

核子

nucleon

23

超子

hyperon

24

m 子

muon

25

中微子

neutrino

26

轻子

lepton

27

有限核质量修正

correction for finite nuclear mass

28

反问题

Inverse problem

29

电荷分布半径

charge distribution radius

30

夸克

quark

31

反夸克

antiquark

32

胶子

gluon

33

规范玻色子

gauge boson

34

夸克禁闭

quark confinement

35

自由夸克

free quark

36

flavour

37

上夸克

up quark

38

下夸克

down quark

39

奇异夸克

strange quark

40

粲夸克

charm quark

41

底夸克

bottom quark

42

顶夸克

top quark

43

色荷

color charge

44

质子 - 反质子对撞机

proton-antiprotoncollider

45

对撞机

collider

46

质子对撞机

proton collider

47

夸克模型

quark model

48

色相互作用

color interaction

49

奇异数

strangeness number

50

奇异粒子

strange particle

51

共振粒子

resonant particle

52

电磁相互作用

electromagnetic interaction

53

强相互作用

strong interaction

54

弱相互作用

weak interaction

55

电弱 ( 相互 ) 作用

electro-weak interaction

56

引力相互作用

gravitational interaction

57

基本相互作用

fundamental interaction

58

中微子假说

neutrino hypothesis

59

放射性衰变

radioactive decay

60

核衰变

nuclear decay

61

引力场

gravitational field

62

量子场论

quantum field theory

63

反粒子

antiparticle

64

粒子物理标准模型

standard model of particle physics

65

中间玻色子

intermediate boson

66

引力子

graviton

67

电弱统一理论

electro-weak unified theory

68

电弱相互作用

electro-weak interaction

69

超弦理论

superstring theory

70

大统一理论

theory of grand unification

71

电弱统一理论

electro-weak unified theory

72

量子电动力学

quantum electrodynamics (QED)

73

量子色动力学

quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

74

希格斯粒子

Higgs particle

75

高能粒子的散射

scattering of high-energy particle

76

同位素

isotope

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henning
September 06, 2008, 02:08 PM

Thanks Changye!

This is high-frequency vocab we haven't seen in any CPod lesson yet. What about a video "vocab tour"? With a fat arrow on the 希格斯玻色...

But maybe they just introduce it all in the space/scifi series they are preparing since quite a while now. I am really looking forward to the sound effects in this one

A word from John would be in order here

:)

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sebire
September 06, 2008, 02:40 PM

Haha, baryon is a heavy particle, that has made my very geeky day.

Where did you find that vocab list, Changye?

And who gets to decide on the translation? Is there some kind of language academy?

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bazza
September 06, 2008, 07:42 PM

I wonder if the baryon was discovered by someone call Barry hehe. If I discover one I could call it the Bazon. ;)

(According to wikipedia, baryon is derived from the Greek for heavy.

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RJ
September 06, 2008, 08:28 PM

Imagine what they will learn from this thing. Now that would be a cool place to work. Thanks Changye for all the physics terms. Wish I could remember some of them.

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RJ
September 06, 2008, 09:00 PM

Henning,  you are correct. The first attempt to circulate a beam of particles is scheduled for Sept 10.

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sebire
September 06, 2008, 01:35 PM

Let me guess?

型强子 = Hadron 对撞 = Collider/Collision?

I'm gonna stick with LHC!

 

希格斯玻色子 = Higgs Boson (xi1 ge2 si1 bo1se4zi)

Not a bad transliteration!

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barryb
September 06, 2008, 10:53 PM

Henning's right. Cpod could make some humorous movies about sub-atomic particles and call them the "Barry On" films.

(Sorry. UK reference.)

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changye
September 06, 2008, 11:18 PM

Hi guys,

I’ve looked into the etymology of some particle names and found that their Chinese counterparts are really nice interpretations based on their original meanings. In Japanese, those terms are usually transliterated, so people often use them even without knowing their grue meanings!

Hadron (from greek word “hadros” = strong) 强子
Baryon (“barys” = heavy)
重子
Lepton (“leptos” = light)
轻子

Gluon is translated as “胶子 (jiao1 zi3)” in Chinese, and it's a very exact translation, but I don’t think that ordinary Chinese people easily find that this is a physics term. On the contrary, it’s highly possible that a lot of people think that it’s a stupid typo of 饺子 (jiao3 zi). This is not a joke.

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sebire
September 06, 2008, 11:49 PM

Another one:

光子  guāngzǐ is a photon.

Another good translation.

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bazza
September 10, 2008, 06:27 PM

Startup happened to today and the Earth is still intact hehe. They haven't collided any protons yet though. ;)

Chinese news story

English news story

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sebire
September 10, 2008, 07:09 PM

How do you say "to start a particle accelerator"? 开大型强子对撞器?

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bazza
September 10, 2008, 08:08 PM

For a generic particle accelerator probably: 开粒子加速器

We could do with a lesson on this stuff. :)

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barryb
September 11, 2008, 11:17 AM

Beer can save the universe! 谢谢啤酒!Well, that's what might have happened with the LHC's predecessor at CERN, LEP2.

This from New Scientist, 29th June 1996:

"When LEP2, as the upgraded machine is known, was switched on, beams of electrons and positrons were supposed to travel in opposite directions round the giant circuit, but neither beam made it. CERN's investigators soon homed in on the section of the ring causing the trouble. When they dismantled it, they found that the high-vacuum tube through which the beams travel had been blocked by two beer bottles."

(PS The Large Hadron Collider is still the Large Hadroff Collider. High energy collisions start next year.)

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changye
September 11, 2008, 11:40 AM

Hi eyux,

Haha, that's just hilarious. I know the mass of a particle is extraordinarily small, but I still can't believe that "beams" generated by such a huge collider can't even destroy beer bottles! Perhaps the bottles were coated with ultra-super-alloy "X" or made of extra-high density materials such as the core of a white dwarf-neutron star!

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sebire
September 06, 2008, 10:12 PM

Hmm, don't think I would want to work for CERN. Hated experimental physics, and was terrible at phenomenology. Plus particle physics is such a mess. I can't remember all the particles and their properties in English, let alone Chinese!