phonetic map : 汤 tang
goulnik
October 07, 2008, 02:07 PM posted in General Discussion| tang | ||
| 烫 tàng to burn; iron / boiling hot 烫斗 tàngdǒu (cloth) iron 火烫 huǒtàng very hot; scalding |
汤 tāng hot/boiling; soup 汤匙 tāngchí n. tablespoon 汤池 tāngchí hot spring |
铴 tāng . 铴锣 tāngluó small brass gong |
| dang | ||
| 荡 dàng to shake; wash away 回荡 huídàng to reverberate 洗荡 xǐdàng to wash away; purify |
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| shang | ||
| * 汤 shāng . 汤汤 shāngshāng flowing turbulently |
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changye
October 08, 2008, 05:59 AMThe character “汤” had two pronunciations in ancient times. One was “tang1”and it meant “soup”, and another was “tang4”when the character means “hot, burning”. Later “汤”(tang4, hot, burning) was replaced by a newly-made character “烫”(tang4) to clearly distinguish the two meanings, "soup" and "hot", perhaps around the 10th century.
◎…contains 烫
×…not contain 烫
1) ×…. 说文解字 (100年、9353字)
2) ×…. 玉篇 (543年、16917字)
3) ◎… 龙龛手鑑 (997年、26430字)
4) ×…. 广韵 (1008年、26949字)
5) ◎… 篇海 (1208年、54595字)
6) ◎… 字汇 (1615年、33179字)
7) ◎… 康熙字典 (1716年、48651字)
8) ◎… 中华字海 (1994年，85568字)
From what little I’ve been able to gather, 龙龛手鑑 (long2 kan1 shou3 jian4) seems to be the first major Chinese dictionary in history to list the character “烫”. This dictionary was edited by a monk in 辽国 (Liao Dynasty) in the late 10th century. At that time, 辽国 was struggling to compete against 宋朝 (Sung Dynasty) .
A notable feature of 龙龛手鑑 was that it contained a great number of simplified and hetero characters in those days, therefore I imagine, completely groundlessly, that “烫” was possibly one of those informal characters which were used somewhere in the northern China, which was the main territory of 辽国 around the 10th century.
The most famous ancient rhyme book “广韵” does not list “烫” in spite of the fact that it was published after 龙龛手鑑. I think that is probably because of the fact that exporting 龙龛手鑑 to other countries was strictly prohibited by 辽国 authorities, and it was not until around 1,070 that a Chinese (宋朝) scholar managed to obtain this dictionary.
This comment is based on the one I posted in John’s blog before.
P/S.1 汤 also has the third pronunciation "shang", thanks, goulniky! I didn't know this one.
P/S.2 Be noted that all the pinyins used in this comment represent modern sounds, and ancient ones are a little different from them.
goulnik
October 08, 2008, 06:30 AMchangye, where on earth are you able to dig so much information?
henning
October 11, 2008, 09:29 AMCSV-list (for the import to Flashcard apps; "@" is delimeter):
回荡@huídàng@to reverberate
汤@shāng; shāng; tāng@hot/boiling; soup
汤匙@tāngchí@n. tablespoon
汤池@tāngchí@hot spring
汤汤@shāngshāng@flowing turbulently
洗荡@xǐdàng@to wash away; purify
火烫@huǒtàng@very hot; scalding
烫@tàng@to burn; iron / boiling hot
烫斗@tàngdǒu@(cloth) iron
荡@dàng@to shake; wash away
铴锣@tāngluó@small brass gong
goulnik
October 07, 2008, 02:13 PMinterestingly, 汤 is made up of radical 氵and of another phonetic component [*], yáng which occurs in characters with many different pronunciations (yang, chang, dang, tang, shang, xing). I will upload it some other time, this will take some work.
[*] for some reason, pasting this character messes up the comment box ?!