phonetic map : 汤 tang

goulnik
October 07, 2008, 02:07 PM posted in General Discussion

@ 汤

tang
tàng to burn; iron / boiling hot
烫斗 tàngdǒu (cloth) iron
火烫 huǒtàng very hot; scalding
tāng hot/boiling; soup
汤匙 tāngchí n. tablespoon
汤池 tāngchí hot spring
tāng .
铴锣 tāngluó small brass gong
dang
dàng to shake; wash away
回荡 huídàng to reverberate
洗荡 xǐdàng to wash away; purify
shang
* shāng .
汤汤 shāngshāng flowing turbulently
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goulnik
October 07, 2008, 02:13 PM

interestingly, 汤 is made up of radical 氵and of another phonetic component [*], yáng which occurs in characters with many different pronunciations (yang, chang, dang, tang, shang, xing). I will upload it some other time, this will take some work.

[*] for some reason, pasting this character messes up the comment box ?!

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changye
October 08, 2008, 05:59 AM

The character “had two pronunciations in ancient times. One was “tang1”and it meant “soup”, and another was “tang4”when the character means “hot, burning”. Later “”(tang4, hot, burning) was replaced by a newly-made character “”(tang4) to clearly distinguish the two meanings, "soup" and "hot", perhaps around the 10th century.

◎…contains
×…not contain

1) ×…. 说文解字 (100年、9353)
2)
×…. 玉篇 (543年、16917)
3) ◎…
龙龛手鑑 (997年、26430)
4) ×….
广韵 (1008年、26949)
5) ◎…
篇海 (1208年、54595)
6) ◎…
字汇 (1615年、33179)
7) ◎…
康熙字典 (1716年、48651)
8) ◎…
中华字海 (1994年,85568)

From what little I’ve been able to gather, 龙龛手鑑 (long2 kan1 shou3 jian4) seems to be the first major Chinese dictionary in history to list the character . This dictionary was edited by a monk in 辽国 (Liao Dynasty) in the late 10th century. At that time, 辽国 was struggling to compete against 宋朝 (Sung Dynasty) .

A notable feature of 龙龛手鑑 was that it contained a great number of simplified and hetero characters in those days, therefore I imagine, completely groundlessly, that was possibly one of those informal characters which were used somewhere in the northern China, which was the main territory of 辽国 around the 10th century.

The most famous ancient rhyme book 广韵 does not list in spite of the fact that it was published after 龙龛手鑑. I think that is probably because of the fact that exporting 龙龛手鑑 to other countries was strictly prohibited by 辽国 authorities, and it was not until around 1,070 that a Chinese (宋朝) scholar managed to obtain this dictionary.

This comment is based on the one I posted in John’s blog before.

P/S.1 汤 also has the third pronunciation "shang", thanks, goulniky! I didn't know this one.

P/S.2 Be noted that all the pinyins used in this comment represent modern sounds, and ancient ones are a little different from them.

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goulnik
October 08, 2008, 06:30 AM

changye, where on earth are you able to dig so much information?

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henning
October 08, 2008, 06:42 AM

Goulnik,

I bet there is some sort of secret "Changyepedia"

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henning
October 11, 2008, 09:29 AM

CSV-list (for the import to Flashcard apps; "@" is delimeter):

回荡@huídàng@to reverberate
汤@shāng; shāng; tāng@hot/boiling; soup
汤匙@tāngchí@n. tablespoon
汤池@tāngchí@hot spring
汤汤@shāngshāng@flowing turbulently
洗荡@xǐdàng@to wash away; purify
火烫@huǒtàng@very hot; scalding
烫@tàng@to burn; iron / boiling hot
烫斗@tàngdǒu@(cloth) iron
荡@dàng@to shake; wash away
铴锣@tāngluó@small brass gong