外交辞令 2/4 (Diplomat Series)
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ID: 2889
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大家注意！今天我们要进入时光隧道，来瞧一瞧两千年前的中国官员如何在一场派对上，凭着几句话，就救出因为国家内乱而被俘虏的邻国君主，同时保护了相关的三个国家的利益与尊严。这也许是你第一次读到、听到这么多古代汉语，请预备美好的心情，展开这奇特的中文之旅。
Photo by David Morris
Fiona Tian,Constance Fang
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Each lesson has it's unique vocabulary and will provide you with definitions and recordings so you can practice the pronunciation. You will also be able to grasp the core material of a lesson at a glance. Here we're showing you the Simplified Chinese version.
| SIMPLIFIED | PINYIN | ENGLISH | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 得体 | détǐ | proper; appropriate | |
| 戏谑 | xìxuè | in jest; to tease | |
| 含蓄 | hánxù | reserved | |
| 潜台词 | qiǎntáicí | hidden lines |
首先我们来看一下外交辞令的概念在我国外交辞令指的既是适合于外交场合的话语也借指客气得体而无实际内容的话
shǒuxiān 首先wǒmen 我们láikàn 来看yīxià 一下wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令de 的gàiniàn 概念zài 在wǒguó 我国wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令zhǐ 指de 的jì 既shì 是shìhé 适合yú 于wàijiāo 外交chǎnghé 场合de 的huàyǔ 话语yě 也jièzhǐ 借指kèqi 客气détǐ 得体ér 而wú 无shíjì 实际nèiróng 内容de 的huà 话
First of all, let's look at the concept of diplomatic rhetoric. In China, diplomatic rhetoric indicates the speech suitable for use in diplomatic occasions, as well as being used to indicate speech that is polite, fitting to the occasion if impractical in content.
有些国人也戏谑地把外交辞令称为没有错误的废话虽然是废话可在国与国交往的重要场合中外交辞令却是非用不可外交辞令往往委婉含蓄隐藏着潜台词
yǒuxiē 有些guórén 国人yě 也xìxuè 戏谑de 地bǎ 把wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令chēngwéi 称为méi 没yǒu 有cuòwù 错误de 的fèihuà 废话suīrán 虽然shì 是fèihuà 废话kě 可zài 在guó 国yǔ 与guó 国jiāowǎng 交往de 的zhòngyào 重要chǎnghé 场合zhōng 中wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令què 却shì 是fēiyòng bù kě 非用不可wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令wǎngwǎng 往往wěiwǎn 委婉hánxù 含蓄yǐncáng 隐藏zhe 着qián 潜táicí 台词
Some Chinese people jokingly refer to diplomatic rhetoric as "precise nonsense". Although it's "nonsense", diplomatic rhetoric is indispensable in important interactions between countries. Diplomatic rhetoric is often indirect and veiled, hiding implicit words.
这种外交语言含蓄性的特点可一直追溯到先秦时代同时先秦时期的外交辞令也开创了我国有史料记载的外交辞令的先河无论是春秋时期委婉恭敬的君子风度还是战国时期酣畅激扬的雄辩气势无外乎都以含蓄性为基本主题
zhèzhǒng 这种wàijiāo 外交yǔyán 语言hánxù 含蓄xìng 性de 的tèdiǎn 特点kě 可yīzhí 一直zhuīsù 追溯dào 到xiān Qín 先秦shídài 时代tóngshí 同时xiān Qín 先秦shíqī 时期de 的wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令yě 也kāichuàng 开创le 了wǒguó 我国yǒu 有shǐliào 史料jìzǎi 记载de 的wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令de 的xiānhé 先河wúlún shì 无论是chūnqiū 春秋shíqī 时期wěiwǎn 委婉gōngjìng 恭敬de 的jūnzǐ 君子fēngdù 风度háishì 还是Zhànguó 战国shíqī 时期hānchàng 酣畅jīyáng 激扬de 的xióngbiàn 雄辩qìshì 气势wúwàihū 无外乎dōu 都yǐ 以hánxù 含蓄xìng 性wèi 为jīběn 基本zhǔtí 主题
The veiled nature of this diplomatic language can be traced back to the pre-Qin era. At the same time, diplomatic rhetoric in the pre-Qin era served as the source of China's recorded history of diplomatic rhetoric. Whether it is the noble deferential euphemistic style of the Spring and Autumn Period or the unrestrained rousing oratory style of the Warring States Period, they are all, without exception, within the basic theme of veiled speech.
那么先看春秋时期春秋时期的外交辞令简言之就是以吟诗为主要形式这儿的诗指的正是我国第一部诗歌总集诗经诗经是周礼的象征工于委婉这与外交语言需符合礼的观念不谋而合以至于在左传中所记录的外交辞令中引诗七十五则引用诗经数量之多也让后人叹为观止
nàme 那么xiān 先kàn 看chūnqiū 春秋shíqī 时期chūnqiū 春秋shíqī 时期de 的wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令jiǎnyán 简言zhī 之jiùshì 就是yǐ 以yínshī 吟诗wéi 为zhǔyào 主要xíngshì 形式zhèr 这儿de 的shī 诗zhǐ 指de 的zhèngshì 正是wǒguó 我国dì yī 第一bù 部shīgē 诗歌zǒngjí 总集shījīng 诗经shījīng 诗经shì 是Zhōu Lǐ 周礼de 的xiàngzhēng 象征gōngyú 工于wěiwǎn 委婉zhè 这yǔ 与wàijiāo 外交yǔyán 语言xū 需fúhé 符合lǐ 礼de 的guānniàn 观念bùmóuérhé 不谋而合yǐzhìyú 以至于zài 在zuǒzhuàn 左传zhōng 中suǒ 所jìlù 记录de 的wàijiāo 外交cílìng 辞令zhōng 中yǐn 引shī 诗qīshí wǔ 七十五zé 则yǐnyòng 引用shījīng 诗经shùliàng 数量zhī 之duō 多yě 也ràng 让hòurén 后人tànwèiguānzhǐ 叹为观止
So, first let's look at the Spring and Autumn Period. In simple terms, the diplomatic rhetoric of the Spring and Autumn Period was mainly in the form of reciting poetry. Here "poetry" refers to China's first anthology of poems, the Book of Songs (Shijing). The Shijing was a symbol for the Rites of Zhou, with its ability for euphemism, this diplomatic language needed to be in line with the concept of rites, to the extent that there are 75 instances of nobles citing poems in diplomatic rhetoric recorded in the Commentary of Zuo, the amount of references to the Shijing is amazing to see looking back.
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