你说的是平假名和片假名吧，那是日语的注音符号。在日语中，同一个发音对应着平假名和片假名两种写法。平假名是从汉字的草书演化过来的，用于一般的书写。片假名源于汉字的偏旁部首，主要是用来表示外来语或强调的。
nǐ shuō de shì píngjiǎmíng hé piànjiǎmíng ba ，nà shì rìyǔ de zhùyīn fúhào 。zài rìyǔ zhōng ，tóng yī ge fāyīn duìyìng zhe píngjiǎmíng hé piànjiǎmíng liǎng zhǒng xiěfǎ 。píngjiǎmíng shì cóng hànzì de cǎoshū yǎnhuà guòlai de ，yòngyú yībān de shūxiě 。piànjiǎmíng yuányú hànzì de piānpáng bùshǒu ，zhǔyào shì yònglái biǎoshì wàiláiyǔ huò qiángdiào de 。
You're talking about hiragana and katakana. They're the phonetic writing system of Japanese. In Japanese, the same sounds correspond to both the written forms of hiragana and of katakana. Hiragana evolved from the grass script form of Chinese characters, and are used in typical writing. Katakana originated from the radicals of Chinese characters, and is mainly used to express foreign loanwords or emphasis.